Oxygen delivered by nasal cannula does not affect the accuracy of the measurement. The patient should not have recently smoked or ingested cold or hot food or drink. The oral temperature is measured with the probe placed under the tongue and the lips closed around the instrument. For cooperative patients, the oral glass thermometer is recommended because of its convenience and patient acceptance. The glass thermometer is probably the instrument used most frequently. Measurement of temperature along with other vital signs should be made with each new patient visit and on a fixed schedule during hospitalization. Hypothermia is defined by a rectal temperature of 35☌ (95☏) or less.
Hyperpyrexia is the term applied to the febrile state when the temperature exceeds 41.1☌ (or 106☏). Axillary temperature is about 0.55☌ (1.0☏) less than the oral temperature.įor practical clinical purposes, a patient is considered febrile or pyrexial if the oral temperature exceeds 37.5☌ (99.5☏) or the rectal temperature exceeds 38☌ (100.5☏). Normal rectal temperature is typically 0.27° to 0.38☌ (0.5° to 0.7☏) greater than oral temperature. Prolonged change to daytime-sleep and nighttime-awake cycles will effect an adaptive correction in the circadian temperature rhythm. This circadian rhythm is quite constant for an individual and is not disturbed by periods of fever or hypothermia. The nadir in body temperature usually occurs at about 4 a.m. Among normal individuals, mean daily temperature can differ by 0.5☌ (0.9☏), and daily variations can be as much as 0.25 to 0.5☌. Normal body temperature is considered to be 37☌ (98.6☏) however, a wide variation is seen.
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